Bilge Pumps: Keeping Your Boat Afloat
Boaters in the U.S. are often required to have a bilge pump or bailer on board to confirm with federal and state boating safety regulations.
This depends on the size and type of your vessel, as well as the specific state regulations where you are operating. The U.S. Coast Guard sets the federal minimum requirements, but it’s important to check with your state’s boating authority as they may have additional rules.
Key Takeaways
- Most boats in the U.S. must carry a bilge pump or bailer. Always check local state rules.
- Regulations vary by boat size: smaller boats (under 16 feet) can use a bailer, while larger boats typically require a bilge pump.
- Manual pumps work without power and are great for emergencies, but they require effort. Electric pumps are high-capacity and can be automatic, but they need a working battery.
- The safest option is to have both an electric pump for regular use and a manual pump as a backup.
Table of Contents
- What is a bailer?
- What is a bilge pump?
- Manual vs. electric bilge pumps
- Learn more about boating safety equipment with Drive A Boat USA!
What is a bailer?
A bailer is typically a manual container used to remove water. For small, open vessels, a bailer is often all you need.
Bailer requirements for boating in the U.S. (federal regulations)
A bailer must be of a specific volume and have a minimum opening size to be considered an acceptable device. For instance, in some states, a bailer must be made of metal or plastic, have a volume of at least 750 ml (0.2 gallons), and an opening of at least 65 cm² (10 in²).
Remember to check with your state to confirm that you are following local rules.
What is a bilge pump?
Bilge pumps are mechanical pumps, either manual or electric, used to remove water from the lowest part of the boat (the bilge).
Bilge pump requirements for boating in the U.S. (federal regulations)
Bilge pump requirements vary according to the size and type of vessel:
Vessels Under 16 feet
The U.S. Coast Guard requires that all recreational boats under 16 feet in length have a “dewatering device.” This can be a bilge pump or a bailer.
Vessels 16 feet to 40 feet
A bilge pump is generally required on motor-powered boats in this size range. The specific type (manual, electric) and capacity may vary depending on the vessel’s length and intended use.
Larger Vessels (Over 40 feet)
Larger vessels are generally required to have fixed, powered bilge pumps. They may also need a secondary pump or a backup manual pump.
Remember to check with your state to confirm that you are following local rules.
Manual vs. electric bilge pumps
Manual pumps are operated by hand, typically with a lever or handle. They are often used as a simple, reliable backup system, especially in emergency situations.
Electric bilge pumps are powered by a boat’s electrical system (battery). They are the most common type of pump for continuous use and can be either manually switched on or automated. Their capacity is measured in gallons per hour (GPH).
There are pros and cons to each type of pump, and for most boats, the safest approach is to have both on board. The electric pump serves as the primary system for routine water removal, and the manual pump acts as a backup in case of electrical failure or a major leak.
Procs and Cons of Manual Bilge Pumps
Pros:
- Always functional: They don’t rely on the boat’s electrical system, so they will work even if your battery is dead or the wiring is compromised by flooding.
- Simple and durable: With fewer moving parts, they are less prone to mechanical or electrical failure.
- Versatile: They can be portable or permanently mounted in the boat.
Cons:
- Labor-intensive: Manually pumping can be exhausting.
- Limited capacity: Their ability to remove water is limited by the operator’s strength and stamina.
Pros and Cons of Electric Bilge Pumps
Pros:
- Automatic operation: Many models have a float switch that automatically turns the pump on when water reaches a certain level for hands-free peace of mind.
- High capacity: They can move large volumes of water quickly.
- Convenient: They allow you to focus on other tasks during an emergency.
Cons:
- Power dependent: They won’t work if the battery dies or the electrical system fails.
- Can clog: While some handle small debris, they are susceptible to clogging.
Learn more about boating safety equipment with Drive A Boat USA!
It’s important to verify that all your boating safety equipment is in good condition and working properly before you take to the water. Use a boating safety equipment checklist to make sure you remember everything. Checking out your bilge pump should also be a part of regular boat maintenance.
Drive A Boat USA offers approved, state-specific boater safety courses that teach you what you need to know to go boating safely and legally in your state. Our 100% online state-specific boating courses will get you certified in New York, Florida and California.